標題: 公元前1000年古埃及的木乃伊上的中国丝绸
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奥地利人在公元前1000年古埃及的木乃伊上发现中国丝绸

  

Use of Silk In Ancient Egypt
  
  by G.Lubec, J. Holaubek, C. Feldl, B. Lubec, E. Strouhal
(Original print at NATURE, March 4, 1993)


  SIR -- On examing hair samples of mummies in the scanning electron microscope we found a piece of tissue between the curls which had the characteristic appearance of silk. To show that the specimen was silk, we performed infrared studies using multiple internal reflection, allowing nondestructive identification of the material. The spectra clearly identified silk.
  
  We perfomred amino-acid anaylsis of the sample according to the method in ref. 2 and obtained the typical spectrum of hydrolysed silk, with high glycine, serine and alanine peaks as originally described by Shimura. To exclude the possibility that the silk specimen could have been added later to the mummys hair we performed amino-acid racemization studies on the mummys hydrolysed hair samples and on the hydrolysed silk specimen: proline racemization was used as the marker amino acid. We used an HPLC method for the separation of L and D forms.
    
  The D/L racemization ratios from hair and silk were comparable, which excludes contamination of hair by the silk tissue in recent times. The mummy, a 30-50-year-old female, was found in Thebes, Deir el Medina, at the burial ground of the kings workmen. Based on anthropological data, the mummification method, the burial ground and amino-acid racemization, the mummy can be assigned to the twenty-first dynasty.
   
  The silk industry had its origin in China and the material probably first reached the Mediterranean countries via Persia. Silk was not used in Egypt until later; the earliest example that can be traced is of Ptolemaic date from Mostagedda, a wollen tunic with decorative stripes with a weft of white silk. Lucan, writing in the middle of the first century, described Cleopatra with "her white breasts resplendent through the Sidonian fabric, which, wrought in close texture by the skill of the Seres, the needle of the workmen of the Nile has separated and has loosened the wrap by stretching out the web".
    
  A portion of a coloured silk fabric was found at Qustul, south of Abu Simbel, the exact date of which is not certain, though it is probably not older than the fourth century AD. From the fourth century AD onwards silk became more common in Egypt. Our work suggests that silk was used in Egypt as long as 1,000 years BC, which would shed new light on ancient trading practices.
  
  埃及是不产丝绸的,研究的结果是:丝绸之路在公元前1000年就有了(正好是周穆王出访西王母的佐证)

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  古蜀丝路 通向地中海  
  http://www.sc.xinhuanet.com/content/2006-03/06/content_6392881.htm
    
  漢朝张蹇出使在外,见当地商贾皆偏爱一种锦缎,张蹇一看,原来是成都平原的蜀锦,大吃一惊,回来如实向皇帝稟告。
    
  1993年,奥地利考古学家在一具古埃及女性木乃伊头发中发现了一块丝绸。这块丝绸与木乃伊同属古埃及二十一王朝,年代相当于中国的商周。商周之际的中国是世界上唯一的丝绸出产地,当时中原丝织业尚不能自给,成都平原上古蜀国的丝绸行销在外,声名远扬。 
  
  周穆王,传说享壽105岁,在位时间约为55年(公元前976年-前922年),一说(公元前1001年-前947年)
  
  埃及第二十一王朝 (公元前1090—945年)
   
  时间正好对上!!!
  
  蜀锦(当时非常昂贵和稀有)如果不是周穆王带过去的?
  
  还能有谁?